Discovering computers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discovering computers - Term Paper Example elated to the same, including: how computers are used, uses of the application software, components of a system unit, input and output devices, storage devices, uses and ramifications of the internet, systems software, communications and network, databases and information management, systems development, project management, use of multimedia, security, privacy and ethics issue, and controversial computer-related topics addressing the use of computers in contemporary society. To understand how computers work, one must understood what goes into them (data) and what comes out from the same (information). Basically, it is the main job of the computer to turn the said data into information through the process called information processing cycle. Computers usually work with inputs through devices that transmit data and information from external users such as the users (Shelley, et al. 2008). Input devices used for this particular function usually include the following: (1) keyboards, (2) mice, (3) touch-screen monitors and lastly, (4) network cards. On the other hand, computers also work with output by using devices that releases data from the computer to the user. As earlier stated, the computer transforms the information coming in to the information needed by the user through the process called information processing cycle (Spencer 1985). Technically, the information processing cycle is defined as that method wherein information is processed. There are four components associated with the information processing cycle of a computer; these are; (1) input – the step wherein the user enters data into the computer; (2) processing – wherein the computer performs operations on the data; (3) output- the step concerned with the presentation of the results; and finally, (4) storage – concerned with saving data, programs and output for use in the future (Shelley, et al. 2008). Perhaps, one of the most common uses of the computer nowadays is to access the World Wide Web.

Short writing assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short writing assignments - Essay Example This new technology will offer a solution to the challenge most webcam users face due to the impossibility of having an eye contact with the person one is chatting with. In addition, users will not need to face the camera. This transparent film utilizes a small amount of the light passing through it, and focuses it to the ends of the sheets. This has different sensors, whose role will be to form the image, which hits the sheet. However, this image sensor, like other cameras today still needs focusing. Presently, the resolution of this image sensor is still being worked on. So far, it is limited, and only produces images that are not up to standard. This is in addition to much noise that it produces in the process. However, as the scientists continue working on this, all these issues will be resolved to produce a more reliable image sensor, which is expected to be adopted by more people, since it is a new technology. The scientific process surrounding this new technology is quite complicated, as explained in the article. However, I find this whole idea brilliant and fascinating. I love photos and therefore, I believe this new technology will be much embraced by people, who also like photos. Nonetheless, the benefits this technology carries will make even more people to like photos, since this will be easy to use, and will produce more quality

The Concept Of Identity Politics

The Concept Of Identity Politics Identity is about belonging, about what you have in common with some people and what differentiates you from others. At its most basic it gives you a sense of personal location, the stable core to your individuality. But it is also about your social relationships, your complex involvement with others, and in the modern world these have become ever more complex and confusing. Each of us live with a variety of potentially contradictory identities, which battle within us for allegiance: as men or women, black or white, straight or gay, able-bodied or disabled, British or European The list is potentially infinite, and so therefore are our possible belongings. Which of them we focus on, bring to the fore, identify with, depends on a host of factors. At the centre, however, are the values we share or wish to share with others. Identity politics was initially defined by and for the new social movements that came to public consciousness from the late 1960s: the black movement, feminism, lesbian and gay liberation and so on. The question of integrating these creative but diffuse and potentially divisive forces into the political mainstream has been part of the agony of the Left during the last decade. Issues of identity are now, however, at the centre of modern politics. When Mrs Thatcher utters anathemas against Brussels and all its works, or interfers in the details of the history curriculum, she is engaged in an exercise in delineating a cultural and political identity, in this case of Britishness, which she wants us to share. When President Gorbachev discourses on our common European home he is striving to re-form our perception of the Soviet identity, and to re-fashion our idea of Europe. When the Bradford mullahs organize simultaneously affirming and fashioning an identity as Muslims, but also as a bla ck British community entitled to the protection of the blasphemy laws like Anglicans and Catholics and evangelicals. When we mourn with students in Beijing, or express solidarity with black South Africans, or run (or sing, or joke) for the world, we are striving to realise our identities as members of the global village, as citizens of the world. Identities are not neutral. Behind the quest for identity are different, and often conflicting values. By saying who we are, we are also striving to express what we are, what we believe and what we desire. The problem is that these beliefs, needs and desires are often patently in conflict, not only between different communities but within individuals themselves. All this makes debates over values particularly fraught and delicate: they are not simply speculations about the world and our place in it; they touch on fundamental, and deeply felt, issues about who we are and what we want to be and become. They also pose major political questions: how to achieve a reconciliation between our collective needs as human beings and our specific needs as individuals and members of diverse communities, how to balance the universal and the particular. These are not new questions, but they are likely, nevertheless, to loom ever-larger as we engage with the certainty of uncertainty that characterise s new times. The Return of Values This is the background to a new concern with values in mainstream politics. Most notoriously, Mrs Thatcher has invoked Victorian values and has pronounced about everything from soccer hooliganism, to religion, to litter. Even the Labour Party, in an uncharacteristic burst of philosophising, has produced a statement on Democratic Socialist Aims and Values. And these are but the tips of an iceberg. Such flurries have not been entirely absent in the past from British political and cultural history. But on the whole, from the Second World War until recently, the political class eschewed too searching a discussion of values, preferring, in Harold Macmillans world-weary remark, to leave that to the bishops. During the years of the social-democratic consensus, welfarism, with its commitment to altruism and caring, provided a framework for social policy, but offered little guidance on the purposes of the good society. Similarly, in the sphere of private life, the most coherent framework of moral regulation, that enshrined in the permissive reforms in the 1960s of the laws relating to homosexuality, abortion, censorship etc, is based on a deliberate suspension of any querying of what is right or wrong. It relies instead on subtle distinctions between what the law may accept for public behaviour in upholding public decency, and what can be tolerated in private when the curtains are closed. Most of us are probably quietly grateful for such small mercies. As the postwar consensus has crumbled, however, the search for more or less coherent value-systems has become rather more fevered. On a personal level some people have moved promiscuously through drugs and alternative lifestyles to health fads and religion; a number seek to be born again. Perhaps most of us just share a vague feeling that things are not quite right. On the level of politics, various fundamentalisms, on Left and Right, have burst fort h, each articulating their own truth, whether it be about the perils of pornography, the wrongs done to animals, the rights and wrongs of this or that religion, or the marvels of the market economy.   There is a new climate where values matter, and politicians, willy-nilly, are being drawn into the debate. Speaking of values, as the philosopher Paul Feyerabend has said, is a roundabout way of describing the kind of life one wants to lead or thinks one wants to lead. 1 Mrs Thatcher has been clearer about the sort of life she wants us to lead than any other recent political leader. She does not trust her bishops, so the values of the corner-shop and the cautious housewife have expanded inexorably into the culture of enterprise and the spiritual significance of capitalism. From her paean to Victorian values in the run-up to the 1983 General Election to her address to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in May 1988, Mrs Thatchers moral outlook has had, in Jonathan Rabans phrase, a peculiar integrity. 2 Questions of value have traditionally been more central to socialist debates than to conservatism but during the 1970s and early 1980s the nervous collapse of the Left allowed little room for such niceties. Recently, there have been welcome signs of a revival of concern with basic values. The Labour Partys 1988 statement, Democratic Socialist Aims and Values, intended to frame the partys policy review, may have been too bland for many peoples taste (The true purpose of democratic socialism is the creation of a genuinely free society) but it was the first time since 1917 that the Party had attempted to define its purposes, and in a recognizable philosophical tradition (essentially the rights based liberalism of the American philosopher, John Rawls). At the same time the Party seems to be attempting to resurrect the half-buried collectivist traditions of the British population. The lyrical Kinnock election broadcast in 1987 subliminally told us of the importance of rootedness and be longing as the basis for political advance. The Labour Partys poster campaign early in 1989 The Labour Party. Our party similarly articulated a sense of shared values, of communal spirit, lying latent in the collective unconscious. In part, of course, these Labour Party innovations illustrate the wizardry of ad-agency skills, but it is not too fanciful to see them as a reflection of broader tendencies towards reasserting universal humanistic values, which transcend conventional political divisions. In their different ways, President Gorbachev and green politics have made an impact because of their expression of a human solidarity underlying the divisions of the world. Gorbachevs address to the United Nations in 1988 turned on a call to respect universal human values, and looked forward to an ending of the arbitrary divisions between peoples. Green philosophy calls on the same sense of our common destiny and interdependence, as human beings and as fellow inhabitants of spaceship ea rth, and in doing so claims to displace traditional divisions between Left and Right. It is impossible to underestimate the power of these various (and perhaps sometimes contradictory) appeals to human solidarity after a decade dominated by an ethic of human selfishness. We are reminded that what we have in common as human beings is more important than what divides us as individuals or members of other collectivities. Difference Nevertheless there are difficulties for the Left in an all-embracing humanism. As a philosophical position it may be a good starting point, but it does not readily tell us how to deal with difference. As President Gorbachev could bitterly affirm, it is difference economic, national, linguistic, ethnic, religious and the conflicting identities and demands that diversity gives rise to, that poses a major threat to perestroika, and to human solidarity. If ever-growing social complexity, cultural diversity and a proliferation of identities are indeed a mark of the postmodern world, then all the appeals to our common interest as humans will be as naught unless we can at the same time learn to live with difference. This should be the crux of modern debates over values. In confronting the challenge of social and moral diversity, the responses of Left and Right are significantly different. The Right has a coherent, if in the long run untenable, view of the moral economy. At its most extrem e, expressed in Mrs Thatchers dictum that there is no such thing as society, only individuals and their families, difference becomes merely a matter of individual quirks or pathologies. Social goods are products of individual wills or desires, mediated by family responsibilities. In the economic sphere, this leads to a privileging of individual choice, the essence as Mrs Thatcher put it during the 1987 election campaign of morality. Rut moral choice, in turn, particularly with regard to issues such as sexuality, is limited by the commitment to a traditional concept of domestic obligation, in and through the family. The Left, on the other hand, is heir to a strong sense of collective identities, of powerful inherited solidarities derived from class and work communities, and of different social constituencies, however inadequately in the past it has been able to deal with them. Multi-culturalism, as it was articulated from the 1960s in the legislation on racial equality, embodied a notion of different communities evolving gradually into a harmonious society where difference was both acknowledged and irrelevant. In rather less hopeful times, the commitment to the co-existence of different value-systems is implied in the statement on Democratic Socialist Aims and Values: Socialists rejoice in human diversity. But the Left has been less confident and sure-footed when faced by the reality of difference. When the Livingstone-led Greater London Council attempted to let a hundred flowers bloom at County Hall in pursuit of a new majority of minorities, the response of the Labour Party establishment varied from the sceptical to the horrified. Nor should we be entirely surprised at that: despite its political daring, and commendable commitment to those hitherto excluded from the political mainstream, it was difficult to detect behind the GLC policy anything more coherent than the belief that grass-roots activity and difference in itself were prime goods. Empowerment, yes; but whom should the Left empower? The Salman Rushdie crisis has dramatised the absence of any clear-cut philosophy on the Left. The Rushdie affair is important for socialists not simply because it concerns the fate of an individual (and an individual of the Left at that) but because it underscores in the most painful way the dil emmas of diversity. At its simplest we have an apparent conflict of absolutes: the right of an author to freedom of speech, to challenge whomsoever he wishes in a democratic society, set against the claims of a distinctive moral community not to have its fundamental religious beliefs attacked and undermined. Rut of course the real divisions are more complex and profound. The Left has not on the whole been willing to endorse an absolute right of free speech. On the contrary it has supported campaigns against racist and sexist literature, whilst a strong minority has supported the banning of pornography.   On the other side, the Muslim communities at the centre of the crisis are themselves not monolithic, bisected as they inevitably are by antagonisms of class and gender, and by political conflicts. At the same time the issues raised do not exist only in a meta-realm of principle: they work their way through the murky world of politics, in this case the complexities of international politics as well as the ward by ward, constituency by constituency problems of Labour politicians. Nevertheless, there is a central question at the heart of the Rushdie affair, and it concerns the possibilities and limits of pluralism in a complex society. Lets take as an example the question of religious education in schools: the government by insisting under the 1988 Education Reform Act that there should be a daily act of Christian worship in maintained schools is in effect asserting the centrality of the Christian tradition to, in Mrs Thatchers words, our national heritage For centuries it has been our very life-blood. People with other faiths and cultures are always, of course, welcome in our land, but their beliefs can only, by implication, ever hope to have a secondary position in relation to ours. Labour, however, accepts a less monolithic view of our religious past and present. As a result it seems prepared to support the principle of state-funding of separate fundamentalist Muslim schools. There is a certain multi-cultural rationale in this: if Anglican, Jewish and Roman Catholic schools are supported by the state, there seems no logic in not supporting the schools of other faiths as well. But schools transmit cultural values, some of which in the case of fundamentalists run counter to oft-declared values of the Left. In this case, the schools will be based on a principle of sex-segregation which elsewhere Labour opposes. As a letter to the Guardian from Southall Black Sisters put it, the Labour Party is prepared to abandon the principle of equality where black women are concerned. Instead, they deliver us into the hands of male, conservative and religious forces within our communities, who deny us our right to live as we please.5 This underlines the danger of seeing communi ties as unified wholes, rather than as the locus of debate and divisions. Not surprisingly, the multi-culturalist values of the Labour Party seem as likely to cause confusion, conflict and distrust as the explicitly mono-culturalist views of the Right. It is ironically appropriate that these dilemmas should have been brought to the surface by the publication of, and reaction to, Rushdies The Satanic Verses. Not only was the book written by an immigrant and about immigrants, but the book itself, as Malise Ruthven argued on its publication, is about changing identities, about the transformations of identities that affect migrants who leave the familiar reference points of their homeland and find themselves in a place where the rules are different, and all the markers have been changed. This is not simply the experience of the migrant: the sense of dislocation and disorientation, of the rules of the game subtly changing, of the co-existence within us of conflicting needs, desires and i dentities, is becoming a major cultural experience for us all. Choice The basic issue can be stated quite simply: by what criteria can we choose between the conflicting claims of different loyalties? To ask the question immediately underlines the poverty of our thinking about this. Can the rights of a group obliterate the rights of an individual? Should the morality of one sector of the population be allowed to limit the freedom of other citizens. To what extent should one particular definition of the good and the just prevail over others? These are ancient questions, but the alarming fact is that the Left lacks a common language for addressing them, let alone resolving them. There have been two characteristic approaches on the Left in confronting these dilemmas. Firstly, there is the discourse of rights, probably still the most potent mobilising force in the worlds of politics and morality. In the United States the protection of individual rights is enshrined in the constitution, and the claim to group rights has become the basis of many of the transf orming currents of recent American politics, from the civil rights and black power movements to the womens movement and lesbian and gay liberation. Elsewhere in the West, a rights-based politics is similarly enshrined in written constitutions, bills of rights, constitutional courts, and so on. In Britain, the tradition is enfeebled. Individual rights, though much bandied around in the political rough and tumble, are not entrenched in a constitutional settlement, and the concept of group rights barely exists. Rights are, however, clearly back on the agenda of the Left: the response to the launch of Charter 88, with its appeal for a new constitutional settlement, with government subordinate to the law and basic rights guaranteed, suggests there is a strongly felt need for a codification and protection of fundamental rights. Unfortunately, the claim to right, however well established at a constitutional level, does not help when rights are seen to be in conflict. To take the issue of a bortion (yet again the focus of moral debate in America and Britain), here the conflict is between two violently conflicting claims to right: the rights of the unborn child against the rights of a woman to control her own body. In these stark terms the conflict is unresolvable, because two value-systems tug in quite different directions. The problem is that rights do not spring fully armed from nature. They cannot find a justification simply because they are claimed. Rights are products of human association, social organisation, traditions of struggle, and historical definitions of needs and obligations: whatever their claims to universality, they are limited by the philosophical system to which they belong, and the social and political context in which they are asserted. This is not to deny the importance of rights-based arguments. But if we are to take rights seriously we must begin to articulate the sort of rights and the type of political culture we want. This is the starting point for the second major approach to the dilemma of choice, the politics of emancipation. In his essay On the Jewish Question in the 1840s Marx counterposed to the morality of Rights a morality of emancipation, and even more powerfully than the claim to rights this has proved a potent mobilising force.8 It offers a vision of a totally free society, where everyones potentiality is fully realised, and a powerful analysis of the constraints on the realisation of human emancipation. At its heart is a denial that want, division, selfishness and conflict are essential parts of human nature. True human nature, it claims, can flourish in a truly emancipated society. Most of us who are socialist must have been inspired by this vision. As a politics of liberation it shaped the rhetoric of the social movements that emerged in the 1960s. It is still latent in the hungerfor utopia and for the transcendence of difference that shades our politics. The difficulty is that the p ractice has rarely kept up with the vision, particularly in the history of Marxism. The Marxist tradition has been reluctant to define the nature of the emancipated society, and has been noticeably blind to questions of nationalism, ethnicity, gender and sexuality. Nor do the experiences of the soi disant socialist countries offer much confidence in the attainability of emancipation in the terms offered by the tradition so far. We must not confuse a noble goal with the sordid practices of particular regimes, but we need to ponder whether the very project of human emancipation as conventionally set forth is not itself the fundamental problem. The glorious goal has all too often justified dubious means, whilst the absence of any detailed exposition of the meaning of emancipation has left us floundering when faced by the reality of conflicting claims to right and justice.

Moxy Fruvous :: Music Musical Essays

Moxy Fruvous From their earliest gigs as buskers (street performers) in downtown Toronto, the Canadian pop band Moxy Fruvous has attracted attention with an energetic blend of tight harmonies and witty social commentary (Bush). The band’s first album, 1994’s Bargainville, highlights both these qualities, casting a skewed glance at topics ranging from video stores to the Gulf War. One of the disc’s highlights, â€Å"Darlington Darling,† examines blue-collar love and tells a tale of frustration, both economic and romantic. The first verse introduces the song’s speaker, who works on an assembly line in an auto plant, where he â€Å"slaps on† plugs and distributor caps for Mercuries (1-2). However, we quickly discover that the speaker is unable even to afford the cars he helps to build, noting that â€Å"I can drive. . . but this car’s made for you† (4). This point is underscored by the chorus. As the speaker says that he’d like to buy a car or cars for his love, his wishes are countered by the economic realities of his situation: I’d like to buy her one – (Where you gonna get the money, son?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An’ I’d like to buy her more Than this blue collar can afford (5-6, 11-12). In the second verse, the speaker’s situation is contrasted with the case of a co-worker who is doing a little better. â€Å"Chipper down the line† sycophantically plies his boss with egg nog at the company Christmas party (13-14). In return, Chipper gets a raise, which he uses to pay for a vacation cottage/â€Å"love nest† on Lake Scugog (a rather unprepossessing man-made lake near Toronto)(â€Å"Lake Scugog†). Although Chipper is willing to let his coworker use the cabin for a weekend, the speaker’s girlfriend is working for nearly the entire weekend (16). Once again, the economic realities of the working class (weekend shifts) interfere with dreams of leisure and love. Also worth noting here is that, during the solo that follows the second chorus, the listener can here a voice berating Chipper, telling him to â€Å"Get back to work, you greaseball!† Apparently, even toadying for the boss only goes so far, and even the better-paid workers are subject to verbal abuse. After the solo and another repeat of the chorus, a final half-verse focuses on the speaker’s love. We learn that she lives â€Å"half a mile from the cooling towers† of the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, a nuclear power plant near Toronto (â€Å"Darlington†).

Stimulation Review

University of Phoenix Material Simulation Review Paper Review the Analyzing Financial Indicators for Decision Making simulation. Prepare a formal 1,050- to 1,400-word paper describing the decisions you made in the simulation. Specifically address the following: Financial Accounting from a Cardiac Care Hospital’s Perspective †¢ Bridge a working capital shortage. †¢ Evaluate funding options for acquiring medical equipment. †¢ Evaluate funding options for capital expansion. Phase I: Capital Shortage †¢ Which cost-cutting options did you select? Why? †¢ Which loan option did you select? Why? †¢ What was the outcome of your decision? Phase II: Funding Options for Equipment Acquisition †¢ Which cost-effective equipment selections did you make? Why? †¢ What was the outcome of your decision? Phase III: Funding Options for Capital Expansion †¢ Which source of funding did you select? Why? †¢ What was the outcome of your selection? Summary and Conclusions †¢ What did you learn from this simulation? †¢ What would you do differently if you performed the simulation again? How will you apply what you learned at your current or future job? Support your ideas, analysis, and conclusions with references to scholarly external sources, such as the texts and journal articles. 1. Individual Assignment: Simulation Review †¢ Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Simulation Review Paper and SIMULATIONS: Analyzing Financial Indicators for Decision Making   Review the Simulation Review Paper docume nt located in the materials section in Week Four on the student Web site. Review the grading criteria located in Week Four on your student website. †¢ Review the Simulation Review Paper and the Analyzing Financial Indicators for Decision Making documents located on the student website. †¢ Write a 1,050- to 1,500-word summary of your choices and the reasons for your choices. †¢ Format your summary consistent with APA guidelines. http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Simulation-Review-Paper/530452? topic

Hrm Assessment

â€Å"(HRM is) a strategic approach to managing employment relations which emphasizes that leveraging people’s capabilities is critical to achieving sustained competitive advantage, this being achieved through a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programmes and practices. † (John Bratton / Jeffrey Gold; Human Resource Management Theory And Practice, 2003) Although the terms Human Resource Management and Personnel Management are commonly used interchangeably, research has shown there are substantial differences between the two.Personnel Management focuses more on the management of employees and dealing with administrative tasks such as employment laws, contractual obligations and the payroll of the company, encompassing the range of activities to do with managing the workforce rather than resources. Human Resource Management takes a strategic approach to the overall management of not only workers, but their workplace and environment, focusing on aspects s uch as the safety, wellness, benefits, motivation, development and organization of employees.It can be said that Personnel Management is workforce centered; being largely about mediating between management and employees, while Human Resource Management is resource centered; concentrating on the planning, monitoring and control aspects of resources. There are four major stages in the evolution of Personnel and Human Resource Management as we know it today; social justice human bureaucracy consent by negotiation organization and integration Social justice Social justice was the budding stage in Human Resource Management, dating back to the 19th Century, when the work of social reformers such as LordShaftesbury and Robert Owen led to the appointment of the first personnel managers. Lord Shaftesbury was the leader of the Factory Reform Movement in the House of Commons and a key contributor to the Factory Act of 1847, which minimized the working hours of woman and children in factories t o 10 hours per day and made it illegal for kids under the age of 9 to be employed in textile factories. Robert Owen was a social reformer of the Industrial Revolution, who assisted the working class of England by helping ease labour hours and conditions, and the use of child labour. He also assisted in the employment standards of England.By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some large employers started appointing welfare officers to manage new initiatives designed to make life easier for their employees, leading to higher productivity, improved retention of the workforce, and more applicants for each job. Notable welfare initiatives promoted by employers today include employee assistance schemes, childcare facilities and health-screening programmes. Human bureaucracy The term â€Å"bureaucracy† means â€Å"rule by office†. Bureaucracy is an organizational form used by sociologists and organizational professionals.The Industrial Revolution contributed to the devel opment of bureaucracies, and modern bureaucracy emerged around 1850. In the 1930's, German sociologist, Max Weber, studied new forms of organization being developed to manage large numbers of people in complex activities, his studies and work led to the popularization of the term. He discussed topics such as uniform principles, structure and hierarchy, merit system and specialization of job-scope. Weber described many ideal types of public administration and government in his work and many aspects of modern public administration go back to him.His research showed that large scale organizations were similar in specific ways and shared many similar features, concluding that each was a bureaucracy. Webster described bureaucracy as being the ideal way of organizing government agencies, and key in the continuing rationalization of western society. Websters principles were used throughout public and private sectors. He noted seven major principles; specification of jobs with detailed righ ts, obligations, responsibilities and scope of authority, system of supervision and subordination, unity of command, xtensive use of written documents, training in job requirements and skills, application of consistent and complete rules, assign work and hire personnel based on experience Another concept found largely in Weber's theories is rationalization, a process into which a person enters and applies practical knowledge to achieve results. While Webster believed bureaucracies were well organized machines that could accomplish any goal, he also noted disadvantages, one being that power shifted to only those individuals at the top, and could result in monocracy.Weber also discussed authority and sought to learn what gave power to an individual to be able to claim authority over another, such as man over woman. The success that bureaucracy produced during the industrial revolution and up to the late twentieth century, makes it the most relevant type of organisation for such indust ries. Weber's thoughts on bureaucracy have influenced modern thinking and many still hold true. The main ideas of his seven principles are still relevant to many bureaucracies that exist, making Weber a truly innovative thinker, who continues to influence society and business today. Consent by negotiationNegotiation means bargaining between two or more parties, each with its own aims, needs and views, seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict. Consent by negotiation helped develop Human Resource Management between the years 1935 and 1950, when a large increase in union membership in the United States drew more emphasis on labour relations and collective bargaining within personnel management. The importance of aspects such as compensation and benefits also increase, as unions negotiate paid holidays, vacations, and insurance coverage.HRM practices in firms are still regularly influenced by Unions. Companies which are unionized have to follow contracts which have been negotiated between the company and its union. These contracts control many HRM practices, including promotion, grievances, discipline, and overtime. Firms which aren't unionized can also be influenced by the threat of unions. For example, some companies make their Human Resource Management practices more equitable, treating workers more fairly, to avoid the chance of union representation by employees.Organization and integration The integrated phase of human resource management dates to the early 1970's to 1980's. In this period, it was focused on changing environment, such as individual experts in organization, specific areas, recruitment and training. In the late 60's, there was a change in focus among personnel specialists, from dealing mainly with the rank-and-file worker on behalf of management, to dealing with management itself and the integration of managerial activities.The development of career ladders and opportu nities for personal growth within organizations characterised this phase. â€Å"As the 1960's and 1970's unfolded, a more personable group of managers emerged, and their interest in people and feelings influenced all facts of business, including the growth of market research, communications and public relations. This group of managers, emphasized the relationship between employers and employees, rather than scientific management. Programs to increase wages and fringe benefits continued to be developed.New studies linked greater productivity to management philosophies that encouraged worker ideas and initiatives† (Losey, 2010, online) Opportunities for personal growth is still a concern of personnel managers to this day, with time and resources being spent on the recruitment and development of people who obtain expertise which the future of the business. Workforce planning and manpower techniques have also been developed by Personnel managers, focusing on the conceivable need for employees with various skills in the future.

Effects of the Second World

Effects of the Second World Outline Thesis statement: Canada participated fully in the Second World War until 1945. Although it emerged triumphant, many problems were witnessed later on. The main problem was cultural integration between immigrants and Canadian natives. This paper analyzes the effects of the Second World.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Effects of the Second World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After participating in the in the Second World War, soldiers came back victorious in 1945 with a lot of optimism and apprehension. Canadian contribution in the war earned it respect from major world powers. The great depression that came after the events of the Second World War left many people depressed and deprived economically. It took the country several years to adjust to the postwar state of affairs. The years between 1945 and 1950 were very important because they are the foundation of modern Canada. The war affected Canadia ns in a number of ways especially in the economic front. The state changed its foreign policy mainly to strengthen diplomatic relations with one of the superpowers- the United States. This meant that previous ties with Britain had deteriorated. Canadian population had increased mainly because of immigration. Other communities sought refuge to Canada because of its peaceful environment. During the Cold War, Canada was forced to participate fully since it was a supporter of capitalism. The Gouzenko Affair was a real test for Canadian authorities. Canada was persuaded to arrest the agent after suspicion that he was involved in spying the government over nuclear technology. Between 1948 and 1957, Canada emerged as one of the influential states in the world politics. The period is popularly referred to as Golden Age. Lester Pearson and Louis St. Laurent are the leaders associated with Canadian fame during the Golden Age. Pearson understood the importance of hegemonic powers in the world affairs since he was a distinguished historian. He later on became the country’s Prime Minister in 1963.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His rule strengthened Canada’s position in the international system (Chapnick 107). Pearson could influence the world powers such as the US and Britain to appreciate Canada’s contribution to the global affairs. For instance, he contributed in the establishment of North Atlantic Organization Treaty (NATO), which is a major political and military organization in the modern world. Canada has never been the same again since 1963. The inconsistencies and conflicts in war torn British controlled regions influenced Canadian population. This is because many people migrated to Canada, which brought about changes in socio-cultural and economic development. Cho argues in her book that Chinese preferred a shift to Canada becaus e they had relatives there. The Second World War caused many social and economic problems in Canada. Soldiers came back with many children implying that the state was unable to provide quality life to all individuals. Cho examines that Chinese and other immigrants were forced to survive at the mercy of the bourgeoisie. Wealthy Canadians mistreated immigrants and other low wage laborers because they had no alternative. Lily Cho elucidates that formation of classes and accumulation of resources worsened the conditions of foreigners in the state. Cultural values were not respected at all. Material accumulation was the priority of each individual meaning that capitalism had taken root in the country. However, the Chinese advanced their culture through meals implying that they prepared rare banquets that distinguished them from other groups in society. Cho shows that Chinese efforts to bolster their culture through food did not prevent them from being oppressed by the powerful in society (Cho 86). The Second World War caused more harm than good to Canadians. Population increased and subsequent struggle for scarce resources contributed to social evils such as crime and prostitution. Cho’s findings are valuable and applicable to the understanding of Canadian history. The only problem with her postulations is that she presents Canadian society as having only a single conflict. Canadian history can be explained in a number of ways. Cho does not discuss the issue of women such as their struggle to freedom. She only focuses on the conflict between Chinese and colonialists.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Effects of the Second World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapnick, Adam. The Middle Power Project: Canada and the Founding of the United Nations. McGill: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. Cho, Lily. Eating Chinese: Culture on the Menu in Small Town Canada, cultural spaces. Tor onto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.

Сase study in Capacity Planning in Service Industry

Ð ¡ase study in Capacity Planning in Service Industry Executive Summary Capacity planning plays a key role in the management of an industry. The concept applies in all types businesses to ensure successful determination of the production capacity required by an organization in meeting changing demands for its services and products on its customers and/or clients.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ð ¡ase study in Capacity Planning in Service Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it would be observed, the role of capacity planning would apply differently in various industries and sectors, depending on the services and products that are offered. There is no doubt that, capacity planning is one of the most effective management tasks that modern businesses should incorporate in their strategic planning processes. This study examines capacity planning from the perspective of a firm in the service industry. A case study in capacity planning in a service industry has been examined for the purpose of this study, with hotel as the main sector of interest. The report starts with a brief overview of the concept and its importance on businesses. There are various theoretical as well as conceptual literatures that have ascertained the application and importance of Capacity Planning in business. Some of these literatures have succeeded in establishing important aspects associated with this significant concept of marketing. A portion of these literatures have been examined with the aim of providing an insight on the trend of Capacity Planning and the significant role it plays in modern industries. There is also a technical section reflecting the actual projects that have been undertaken, together with the research processes applied in getting to the conclusion. Also examined here are advantages and disadvantages of Capacity Planning in regard with the chosen case, which is based on hotel as a type of service industry. There is an in-depth evaluatio n of the case to show how the concept of Capacity Planning has been used, and the purpose for which it has been applied in the chosen case. There is always a summary of findings and recommendations for every research report. In this context, the observed outcomes are described, followed by possible recommendations on what should be improved. Evaluation of the case comes before the conclusion, which closes with a reiteration of the key points.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction The term capacity, as used in this report, refers to the amount of output resources or productivity that a business can manage to deliver in a specific period of time. Capacity Planning simply refers to the art and science of estimating and determining the capacity that an organization requires in meeting the ever-changing demands of its products and services. In other word s, this significant concept is applied in the business world to help entrepreneurs determine if there would be a need to diversify their operational outputs without having to strain the existing resources. Some of the primary resources that can be used to conduct capacity management include things such as facilities, labor, and equipment, which are certain to make a contribution towards a company’s productivity and performance. Capacity planning in business is conducted for four primary reasons and these are; to increase product and service demand, to change environment and technology approaches, to drop demand, and in spotting new business opportunities (Umble, Haft Umble, 2003). As it would be observed, the main objective of Capacity planning is to eliminate the discrepancy of inefficiency that may result from imbalances between the capacity of a company and the demands for its consumers. A typical concern for many companies on the concept of capacity planning is whether s ignificant business or marketing resources will be readily available to contain heightening demands that may be realized as the interactions with customers or clients increase. For effective planning, capacity planners apply business forecasts and plans to predict what should be expected in the future. In this regard, capacity planning ensures that new capacities are included in the business at an earlier time, to enable the industry meet the anticipated product and service demands.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ð ¡ase study in Capacity Planning in Service Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many advantages that are associated with application of capacity planning in an industry. First of all, the concept serves as a way of sustaining surprise in business. This timely planning also helps companies to invest on important business resources such as leasing of new facilities and purchase of new equipments. Another benefit of the concept is that, it helps in mapping business objectives into successful outcomes as anticipated by entrepreneurs and the stakeholders. Capacity planning also plays a key role in ensuring reporting of services, which is management oriented. Industries and companies can monitor costs in the course of high economical times and in recession. This allows businesses to budget and plan for expected changes by incorporating financial resources where necessary. There is a need for new space and locations as businesses grow. In this regard, business investors would find it easier to discover the need to launch new production facilities, where capacity planning has been applied. Through effective capacity planning, businesses can be certain of developing projection personnel levels and facility needs that are more accurate. Capacity Planning can also be used in maintaining perfect production levels all year round, particular in the course of anticipated business cycles. According to Staehr and others (2010), Historical business data acquired through capacity planning is a key tool which can be utilized in planning production capacity and ensure there are enough resources to contain the change in demand. More importantly, this timely planning helps businesses to identify the periods at which recessions are expected, thus taking the necessary steps that need to be applied in order to remain stable and competent in the market. Apart from production and personnel sectors, the other field where capacity planning can be useful in business is the information sector. Companies, particularly modern ones, do accumulate wide packs of digital information every day. Most of this information is crucial for the growth and success of businesses.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In that regard, effective capacity planning in business plays a significant role in ensuring that there is permanent and safe storage of vital information which is essential in the efficient productivity of industries. Based on the above benefits, capacity planning is a priority that needs to be addressed as a long-term approach that plays a key role in establishing the overall rate or level of resources owned by a company. As it would be observed, the overall decision of capacity planning or capacity management, as it is known sometimes, would influence various key aspects of business performance. Some of these aspects would include the operating cost, production lead time, the ability of the company to operate and compete with other businesses, and customer responsiveness, among others. Literature Review Empirical evidence from past studies by various researchers and scholars has confirmed the ability of capacity planning on investment decisions. There is no doubt that there is no other way by which superior business performances can be achieved in the modern world, except through high levels of capacity planning and management. No matter how smart and cherished products and services by a particular company would be, no company can reign the global markets without applying the magical concept of strategic business planning. Good planning enables enterprises to focus on the changing demands of products and services in the market, thus executing their most valuable resources to attract the best business practices expected in the market (Lengnick-Hall, Lengnick-Hall, Abdinnour-Helm, 2004). For many years now, investors have come to see the benefit of this business idea as a very reliable tool that can be used to outline the equipment and personnel that are necessary in helping their businesses grow. Development of financial projections have proved to be an easy deal for many companies, since future expenses can closely be estimated and predicted through capaci ty management and planning. The concept of capacity planning has played a great deal in helping businesses and investments cut costs on normal expenses. Taking the example of the computer technology, component engineers and manufacturers have made life easier and more affordable through the concept of capacity planning. To emphasize on this fact, various computer parts such as the memory and processors can be upgraded for future application, and this is the best capacity planning which has ever been realized in the technology industry. Through this idea, people will not have to budget for new purchases, whenever one of their machines threatens to go down, but they can just upgrade them and save extra cost on new purchases. Capacity planning is an integral part of business planning and management simply because it aids industries and businesses advance in regard with the projections they have established (Schuler MacMillan, 2006). No matter the levels of the business projections tha t businesses could make regarding their investment plans, capacity planning will make things easier for them through manufacturing projection, facility planning, and personnel planning. The idea of capacity planning is known to have facilitated processes that are more efficient for enterprise success, thus placing many companies on a strong competitive edge (Occhino, 2010). Through comprehensive capacity plans, competent investors in the world have got used to setting higher goals for them in the business world, and they have always gone ahead to achieve them. Over the last few decades, focused businesses from different industries have managed to gain long term competitive advantage over their rivals in the market, as a result of strategic planning achieved through capacity planning. Capacity planning, management, and forecasting directly addresses the needs and success of industries, and their timely incorporation in business could encourage and facilitate smart utilization of reso urces and capital (Flynn, Schroeder, Sakakibara, 1995). Unlike in the past, when planning tasks were performed with paper spreadsheets and electronic calculators, things have become much easier nowadays, with the modern advancement of computer technology, where technology-enabled planning practices can be applied to process efficient planning data and information. This revolution has acted as a major push for strategic business planning and management practices, thus encouraging full participation of entrepreneurs in comprehensive enterprise planning. This has not only helped to translate strategic business objectives and goals into operational targets, but has also equipped modern businesses with the ability required to thrive in the fast-paced business environment of today. Technical Part – The Research Project Hospitality is known to be capacity-constraint service industry, and for that reason, hotel has been as the area of interest for this study. Capacity in this type o f industry can be assessed using information and data that are relevant to the service itself, such as the number of customers or clients that are served within a given period of time or the number of tables that are available for customers (Seddon, Calvert Yang, 2010). Likewise, capacity planning in this form of service industry would be conducted using the same aspects. For the purpose of this study, an actual research project was undertaken to determine the role of capacity planning in the field of interest i.e. service industry, and particularly hotels. Following is a summary of the research proposal carried out for this project. Objective of the Research The main objective of the research was to ascertain the importance of capacity planning in business, particularly in the service industry. Another objective of the study was to evaluate the application of this strategic tool of management in today’s business world. Research Hypothesis Capacity planning is a key manageme nt task in the service industry. Research Question The main research question in the study was to observe and determine whether capacity planning has any impact on a business within the service industry. Study Methodologies Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied in this study, to determine the application as well as the impact of capacity planning in the hotel service industry. These were the most suitable methodologies to apply here, since the approaches used in collecting data and information would be combined to generate unbiased results. In this regard, each of the two methodologies was applied independently in the study, before a comparison was done on the outcomes to improve the credibility of the findings. As it would be observed, each of the two methodologies had its advantages and disadvantages. For instance, talking of advantages, quantitative was appropriate for this study, since its application mainly focused on analysis of numerical data and statis tics. This way, answers to some questions related to the study hypothesis were sampled from selected participants to ascertain the variable of the overall findings. Through quantitative methodology, it was easier to sample information for the final analysis of the outcome using statistical approaches. Study Population This study was carried out in the U.S. with the main participants being drawn randomly from seven states, where a total of 300 workers from small and big hotels were featured. Over eighty percent of these participants were people with distinctive reputations in the hospitality sector. Applied Research Model and Design Survey proved to be the most appropriate research model to use in the study. Here, all the participants were taken through a structured interview session that was conducted on a face-to-face medium. This form of inter-personal interaction with the participants was the most suitable model of survey to employ in this context, considering it high flexibility nature. Talking of the design, questionnaires were used to get information from the selected participants, through a simple random sampling method. In this case, each participant would have an equal chance of getting selected for the interview. This would help in eradicating any possible cases of bias that could have risen from the research findings. Limitations Although the study had proved successful in achieving its aims, there were various uncontrollable aspects witnessed in the course of the project whose impact must have interfered with quality of the potential outcome of the research. For instance, there were some cases when the interviewers were forced to interview people in groups, especially when the members came from the same company, and this may have interfered with the efficiency and quality of the feedback received. Another limitation here was that, the 300 research participants were drawn from only 15 hospitality companies, and this number could not have been enough to generate the best results for this study. Findings Data analysis and Interpretation for this study was carried out using two methods for the purpose of comparison. These methods are; software application and manual methods. Using the SPSS software application, it was easier for the researchers to come up with a tabulated report on the feedback given by the participants through the questionnaires. As it was observed from this study, more than three-quarters of the participants had expressed ideas confirming the research hypothesis. Suggested solution Based on the findings of this study, effective capacity planning is an essential tool for business success. This does not only place entrepreneurs on the safer side of marketing, but it makes them more alert on the many important issues surrounding them in business. Case Study– Advantages and Disadvantages The real case chosen for the purpose of this study is a case study showing how Hilton Hotels have achieved excellence thro ugh capacity planning. Some of the notable advantages from this case that have been realized by the company include high profits, improved customer satisfaction, and sustainable competitive advantage in the hospitality sector. However, there some disadvantages as well, and these would include things such inaccurate predictions resulting from unexpected turn in demands. Another outstanding disadvantage here is that, since capacity practice is a long term process, Hilton Hotels have constantly used it in their management process, thus ending up spending excess workloads of resources for this task alone. Evaluation of the Case This case study shows how Hilton Hotels uses capacity planning as a road map to effective and efficient management of their business. For instance, the case explains how an attempt to become more aggressive in business would enable the company to realize new business opportunities in other fields such the gaming industry. There is also a detailed report of how th e company applied capacity planning, among other management practices to predict the demands of its customers and clients allover the world. This, according to the case would help them come up with the necessary plans that would help them focus on the needs of their many customers, thus improving customer services in all levels of accountability. Through these interventions, Hilton Hotels were able to realize increased marketing opportunity in the service industry. It is also evident from the case that, Hilton Hotels have diversified their services in over fifty countries worldwide, and this great success has been realized as a result of effective capacity planning. Summary of findings and Recommendations Based on the observations of this study report, capacity planning and management is a significant tool whose role in business cannot be overestimated. The practice helps entrepreneurs come up with the best decisions regarding the use of available resources in their businesses. More importantly, it helps them predict requirements of business resources, thus preparing early in advance for any changes that may present. As it would be observed from previous studies on this topic, capacity planning integrates with other key business practices such as performance management to offer acceptable service levels to consumers. In this respect, it would be good for entrepreneurs in all industries to embrace the best practices of capacity planning, so as to be able to offer satisfactory products and services to their customers and clients. Conclusion As it is observable from this report, this research has successfully achieved the intended goal. First of all, it has set ground on capacity planning and its importance on businesses. The objective of the study has been emphasized in the conceptual framework, which highlights previous views and opinions by experts in the field. The main objective of this research is to examine capacity planning as it applies in a service indu stry, and this goal is well-achieved through out the report. Capacity planning is still a priority in today’s business world, and this is emphasized in the featured research where the study hypothesis has been confirmed. Based on the observations of this study, capacity planning is the management tool required to connect entrepreneurs with the customers. References Flynn, B., Schroeder, R., Sakakibara, S. (1995). The impact of quality management practices on performance and competitive advantage. Decision Sciences,  26(5), 659-691. Lengnick-Hall, C., Lengnick-Hall, M., Abdinnour-Helm, S. (2004). The role of social and intellectual capital in achieving competitive advantage through enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Journal of Engineering and Technology  Management, 21(4), 307-330. Occhino, T. (2010). Capacity planning model: the important inputs, formulas, and  benefits: Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop. New York: IEEE/SEMI. Schule r, R., MacMillan, I. (2006). Gaining competitive advantage through human resource management practices. Human Resource Management, 23(3), 241- 255. Seddon, P., Calvert, C., Yang, S. (2010). A Multi-project model of key factors affecting organizational benefits from enterprise systems. MIS quarterly, 34(2), 305-328. Staehr et al. (2010). Understanding the business benefits of enterprise resource  planning systems: Proceedings of the 8th Americas Conference on Information  Systems. Texas: Dallas Publishers. Umble, E., Haft, R., Umble, M. (2003). Enterprise resource planning: Implementation procedures and critical success factors. European Journal of Operational  Research, 146(2), 241-257.

Berlin Diaries Vs Survival In Auschwitz Essay

Berlin Diaries Vs. Survival In Auschwitz Essay, Research Paper Berlin Diaries V. Survival in Auschwitz The two books Berlin Diaries by Marie Vassiltchikov and Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi both chronicle World War II from two different positions. They are both personal histories from each writer # 8217 ; s existent experiences. The two books have different formats, points, facts, and actualities. For illustration, Berlin Diaries is in existent diary format, and Survival in Auschwitz is in narrative format. I found that Berlin Diaries was harder to read because of the format, where Survival in Auschwitz was easier to follow. Besides both narratives were taken from two really different points of position. Marie Vassiltchikov was a Russian blue blood that fled Russia and was seeking safety in Germany. Primo Levi was an Italian Jew who was captured by the Nazis and taken to a concentration cantonment. Vassiltchikov was free, she lived a restricted life, but she still had her freedom. Levi was a captive ; he lived a prisoner slave life and had no autonomies or freedoms. This difference seems to be the most eventful. They led such different lives. Levi was the absolute curse of the Nazi being, as they were to him. In contrast, Vassiltchikov really worked for the Nazis ; granted to hold the freedom that she did, that # 8217 ; s where she had to work. But still, Vassiltchikov had freedom, how much more different could one get from being a Judaic captive in a Nazi concentration cantonment, as Levi was. There are so many points to this major contrast that it about encompasses the full construct of comparing and contrasting he two. While there could non be anything more opposite than holding freedom and being a captive, there were still other differences that had no respect to Vassiltchikov and Levi # 8217 ; s existent life conditions. Missy ( Vassiltchikov ) originally was flying the Russian ground forces. They would hold killed her for being an blue blood. Primo # 8217 ; s danger was ever from the Nazis. His Judaic # 8220 ; race # 8221 ; was his grade of decease. As mentioned above, Missy was a Russian blue blood ; Primo was from the working category of Italy. Generally their demographic backgrounds could non acquire much different either. Religion was besides a major and blinding difference. Besides as mentioned above Primo was a Jew and Missy was Christian. This difference is what separated them further in Missy # 8217 ; s freedom and Primo # 8217 ; s imprisonment. Another difference that played a immense function in each book was the existent placing of each narrative. Missy wrote her journals as she traveled through out Germany and Europe. She experienced bombardment, metropoliss being destroyed and the existent war right in forepart of her. Primo on the other manus, may hold been right in the center of the war # 8217 ; s causes, but he neer saw the combat and the bombs like Missy did. Girl may hold had freedom, but she was out in the center of the battleground. It is a difficult realisation to hold that Primo could be in a immense Nazi labour cantonment and non of all time truly experience World War II from the existent war position. He was the war, but neer truly saw it. He lived a war but it was a different war ; his was internal, unsafe and merely as life threatening as being on the forepart lines, but it was about like all the other combat was non-existent to his day-to-day conflict of life. Another enormous difference was the format of each book. Berlin Diaries was merely that, a diary. Missy wrote what was go oning as it was go oning. She had no clip to reflect on her experiences, she merely took history for things as they happened. Survival in Auschwitz was written in retrospect to the war. Primo wrote it as a memoir and had old ages to reflect on his experiences. He wrote it to read like a narrative. One can follow his day-to-day life and acquire a image of what this snake pit on Earth called Auschwi tz was truly similar. It gives a graphic history of what life, as a Judaic captive in a Nazi labour cantonment, would be like. Berlin Diaries, since it was a diary, makes it harder to acquire that image of life. Missy is frequently concerned with her ideas and personal life while she is right in the center of acquiring bombed. It might look really petty at times, but those bombs were her life. She was non seeking to do a narrative out of it. She was merely composing how she lived. If one were to populate in the center of the battleground during a war, one would still populate their life. She could non hold realized at the clip that she was right in the center of something that was altering the universe as she knew it. How could anyone cognize that what is go oning to him or her right now is history? To them, it is merely their life. If Primo were to compose Survival in Auschwitz as it were go oning, the book would be wholly different. The differences between these two books that are about the same war have many differences ; nevertheless they have some analogues and similarities every bit good. The first major similarity is that they are about the same war. They have the same causes and the same factors set uping the same period in clip. The Nazis are present in both books, and are viewed negatively in both. Their lives were drastically changed by the same war. They may hold been in different state of affairss, but the same grounds put them in those state of affairss. They were from such different backgrounds, but brought down by the same thing. Everything was comparative. Both Primo and Missy were populating out of necessity ; they had nil of their former lives. Their personal properties and loved 1s were gone. Their lives were brought down to desolation and bare endurance. They were missing the agencies to populate as they had ever known. They had no control over their environment or how they lived. They struggled to populate each twenty-four hours. One major analogue for them was nutrient. They were both hungering, Primo was hungering as a signifier of anguish, and Missy was merely being badly rationed ; but none the lupus erythematosus they were both hungering. Both of them wrote about nutrient invariably, they obsessed over it. Food or any sort of nutriment was the chief concern of both Missy and Primo # 8217 ; s lives. Besides they both lived each twenty-four hours in fright of their lives. Primo was in changeless fright of acquiring selected to travel to the gas chamber or merely death of famishment. Missy feared acquiring caught by the Soviet ground forces, acquiring killed by bombing and the Nazis. She was involved in some things that if she were caught, she would decidedly be killed. Both Missy and Primo spent their lives in changeless passage from one life agreement to another every bit good. Primo was ever being shifted from one barracks to another to the infirmary to another barracks. Missy was ever go forthing one little flat to another bantam flat, from metropolis to metropolis. They both had to cover with holding no place, no individuality and no topographic point of comfort. While everything that happened to Primo may hold been a signifier of anguish inflicted on him by the Nazis, and Missy # 8217 ; s desolation was merely due to the war ramping along, both still suffered. As one can see, these two books about World War II can be looked at on different degrees of comparing and contrast. It may look at first that they are merely similar on the surface, but one time one looks deeper into each narrative they have a figure of similarities. They have analogues on every degree of human life and endurance when faced with despair and desolation. To look at World War II through these two positions gives the reader a much more accurate and realistic image of the war than any history book of all time could. Both Survival in Auschwitz and Berlin Diaries give a complete existent life sense to a war that can frequently look unreal or incredible in modern times.

Macro and Micro Economics - 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macro and Micro Economics - 2 - Case Study Example Federal Reserves’s ability to increase the money supply because when the FRB lowers the reserve requirements, the excess reserves increase automatically. The commercial banks would have more freedom in lending out money and money supply would increase. The MPC of the economy is 1/3. The total government spending is $20 billion. This means that out of $20 billion, $6.66 billion would be spent and the rest would be saved. This $6.66 billion would become the income of subsequent consumers, who would spend $2.22 billion and save the rest. This is a geometric progression and its sum can be found out by the formula 1/1-r. Since MPC is 1/3, MPS becomes 2/3 or 0.66. The multiplier becomes 1.5 (1/0.66). Therefore, the total impact of initial increase of $20 billion is $30 billion ($20 billion* 1.5). A. Irving Fisher’s equation of exchange is derived from the equation of velocity (V) which is number of times in a year that a dollar is used to purchased goods and services. Firstly, GDP is required to be calculated. Then, the quantity of money in the economy (M) is to be calculated. GDP is divided by M to calculate V. It is given as follows: B. In the stock market, the timing of investment decisions is of paramount importance. When a major market correction is expected, people look to sell their stocks and increase their holding of money because of the possibility that the market might soon turn into a bear market. During a market correction, the values of the stocks fall and losses are suffered. Therefore, it is better to sell the stock before the â€Å"correction† arrives. A. Imposition of tariffs saves the local producers from the competition of foreign producers. It also brings tax revenue and helps in decreasing the imports of undesirable items. Importantly, it serves for the betterment of balance of trade. Quotas tend to be more protective than tariffs. They require a lot of paperwork and are hard to administer. Tariffs are easier to manage and unlike quotas,

Explain the concepts of diversity management and equal opportunities, Essay

Explain the concepts of diversity management and equal opportunities, and discuss possible dilemmas that might occur when firms seek to pursue both a diversity - Essay Example Moreover, the workplace is subject to a staggering array of governmental regulations governing many aspects of the composition, organization, and treatment of the workforce. Before these changes, the workforce is historically divided homogeneously in organisational sub-groups (blue-collar, white-collar, unskilled workers, ethnic sub-groups). However, as the globalisation of the business arena has spawned, labour market discrimination (segmentation) had become a wall that could hamper employees to work effectively. Globalisation has brought about the transformation of demographic patterns. As organisations are becoming the microcosm of society, the government and other sectors have pushed organisations to follow some guidelines in hiring people. Ultimately, globalisation means the internationalisation of the business environment. Multi National Corporations (MNC), therefore, are increasingly taking note of their sinister practices of discrimination and considering the possible advantages of a diversified workforce. According to Beamish, et al. (2003), diversity can refer to many things. However, when it comes to workforce management, it commonly has two meanings, one having to do with numerical composition and one having to do with inclusive behaviour. Most frequently, workforce diversity is thought of in terms of numerical composition. A â€Å"diverse workforce† is one that reflects the many different kinds of people in the community or society, usually meaning men and women of different ethnic origins, educational experiences, professional backgrounds, and so forth. When a firm says it must increase its workforce diversity, it usually means hiring more women and ethnic minorities, or citizens of different countries, and promoting them more fully into all levels of the company. In the UK, Clements (2006) revealed that a recent survey of private sector employment equality practices in

Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System Essay

Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System - Essay Example The proposed file system has to cater to the needs of both these types that would allow for the storage and retrieval of any type of file. Secondly, the proposed file system will be incorporated with or will function under the simple commands of read (), write (), open (), store () that is similar to the calls under UNIX. The proposed file system will implement the concept of directories with a unique feature. As the total disk size given for the assignment is 120GB, storage and retrieval will take a lot of time is the entire disk space were to be considered as a single entity. Also the amount of information that would have to be maintained by the table in the main memory for the purpose of caching would be enormous and would occupy a lot of space. Therefore, in order to reduce the sizes of the tables and in order to improve the speed of accessing, the entire disk space will be partitioned into a series of virtual drives that will be considered as independent entities on logical terms. Thus, any file system will revolve around these virtual drives. Each virtual drive will have a size of 8GB each. Each of 8GB virtual drives will be made up of blocks of size 8kB each. Thus, in order to access any particular file, the file system can initially switch over to the particular drive by looking up at just 4 bits (24 =16), as the number of such virtual drives is 15. Thus, such an indexing will enable the search for a particular location simple and fast. VIRTUAL DRIVES As has been previously mentioned, the file system will support directories, but the unique features of the directories is that they can span over different virtual drives in case there is not enough space for an existing directory to accommodate more files. There will be two primary types of files that will be maintained by the file system, which will be known as the GB_dir table and the KB_fil table. As the names suggest, the former will be used to index the directories while the latter one will be used for files. The KB_fil table will have the following fields: Blocknum: This will be the number of the block that is already held by some file information. Filname: as the name suggests, this denotes the name of the file that occupies the block. Seq-nr: this field holds significance if the size of the file is more than that of a block (>8KB). Size: This filed is used to specify the actual size of the file. Endaddress: this will be localized to the block and will hold the last address of the memory location within the block, which is actually

Chinese Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Chinese Philosophy - Essay Example It became well established throughout the vast nation during the 300's A.D. It is surprising, then, to learn that at one time, most of the Chinese people viewed the religion with skepticism, considering it to be little more than a strange foreign cult. Many of the early Chinese converts to the Buddhist religion risked ostracism and persecution simply for practicing their beliefs. Buddhism reached China from India around 100 A.D. For many years, almost all Chinese subscribed to either of two native religions. One was Confucianism, which was based on the ideas of Confucius, the revered philosopher. The tenets of this belief system included obedience to authority, the promotion of education, societal order, and a deep respect for one's ancestors and for the past. Confucius was born about 550 B.C. and the religion based on his teachings emerged shortly after his death in the 470's B.C. The other traditional Chinese religion was Taoism. The basic teachings of this belief system included a reverence for nature and routine celebration of the faith's many protective gods. Taoism began during the 300's B.C. and is based on a book entitled the Tao Te Ching (The Classic of the Way and the Virtue). Taoism was also heavily influenced by elements of Chinese folk religion. When Buddhists first began to appear in China, most Chinese deeply mistrusted them. Their mistrust was easy to understand. According to Sources of Chinese Tradition, written by Theodore Debary, Buddhism was a radically different religion from both Confucianism and Taoism. Buddhism itself was founded about 500 B.C. in India by the teacher named Buddha. Buddha was born about 563 B.C. in southern Nepal. His actual name was Siddhartha Gautama. He was a member of a powerful royal family. Despite Gautama's wealth and high social standing, he was a deeply unhappy young man. At age 29, the future Buddha sank into a debilitating depression. He was convinced that life was full of misfortune and heartache. His feelings of melancholy caused him to leave his own family to seek spiritual enlightenment as an itinerant monk. After six years of nonstop traveling, Gautama finally experienced enlightenment. He was convinced that he had discovered why life was so full of woe. In addition, he was convinced that he had discovered how human beings could escape their feelings of misery. He soon had many followers. These followers called him Buddha, which means the Enlightened One. According to Theodore Debary in his work, Sources of Chinese Tradition, much of the Chinese people's initial misgivings about Buddhism stemmed from simple xenophobia (p. 277). China possessed one of the world's earliest great civilizations; Chinese writing history goes back thousands of years ago. The Chinese people were greatly accomplished, and not surprisingly, this great culture tended to view other peoples as being inferior. The Chinese seemed to view India with contempt, and many Chinese felt that a religion that came from India would have a negative, corrupting influence on the population (p. 277). Much mistrust was also triggered by simple and seemingly shallow cultural differences between the Indians and the Chinese. For example, many Chinese were originally dismayed upon learning that Buddhist clerics took vows of celibacy

Foundation Property Writing Task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foundation Property Writing Task - Essay Example As a particular constructive trust would relate only to the specific property, the legal professionals also call it as a â€Å"proprietary† remedial method of solving the particular disputes†¦.(Duhaime , 2009) Trusts are frequently established in a will, which could be called as a trust instrument, where the settlor is referred to as a testator. Hence an express trust implies that the settler has expressed a wish to establish the will. However, there is no explicit intention on the part of the settlor to establish a constructive trust. The establishment of such trusts is the consequences of legal responses to the events that might have been encountered during any property transactions. Accordingly, the purpose of constructive trusts should revolve about its binding effect on the issues of law in developing the major issues like honoring commitments, disgorging gains and repairing losses. Hence, the rationale behind the constructive trusts should consider these three main themes, while discussing the obligations and rights under the property law. As no firm and agreed list of rules is available under the English law, which could govern the constructive trusts, their rationale and guidance comes from various court cases, where the concerned judges have suggested rules for the constructive trust, pertaining to specific case. Accordingly, five rules on constructive trusts are briefly summarized below: However, these and other rules that bind the foundation of constructive trusts being heterogeneous in nature, there have been a fair amount of confusion about the concepts of such trusts and the liabilities involved in referring to the same. Accordingly, the above rules remain debatable, when judged under different circumstances. For example, it may be a mild punishment for an honest trustee to surrender his term, after he has renewed the

Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System Essay

Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System - Essay Example The proposed file system has to cater to the needs of both these types that would allow for the storage and retrieval of any type of file. Secondly, the proposed file system will be incorporated with or will function under the simple commands of read (), write (), open (), store () that is similar to the calls under UNIX. The proposed file system will implement the concept of directories with a unique feature. As the total disk size given for the assignment is 120GB, storage and retrieval will take a lot of time is the entire disk space were to be considered as a single entity. Also the amount of information that would have to be maintained by the table in the main memory for the purpose of caching would be enormous and would occupy a lot of space. Therefore, in order to reduce the sizes of the tables and in order to improve the speed of accessing, the entire disk space will be partitioned into a series of virtual drives that will be considered as independent entities on logical terms. Thus, any file system will revolve around these virtual drives. Each virtual drive will have a size of 8GB each. Each of 8GB virtual drives will be made up of blocks of size 8kB each. Thus, in order to access any particular file, the file system can initially switch over to the particular drive by looking up at just 4 bits (24 =16), as the number of such virtual drives is 15. Thus, such an indexing will enable the search for a particular location simple and fast. VIRTUAL DRIVES As has been previously mentioned, the file system will support directories, but the unique features of the directories is that they can span over different virtual drives in case there is not enough space for an existing directory to accommodate more files. There will be two primary types of files that will be maintained by the file system, which will be known as the GB_dir table and the KB_fil table. As the names suggest, the former will be used to index the directories while the latter one will be used for files. The KB_fil table will have the following fields: Blocknum: This will be the number of the block that is already held by some file information. Filname: as the name suggests, this denotes the name of the file that occupies the block. Seq-nr: this field holds significance if the size of the file is more than that of a block (>8KB). Size: This filed is used to specify the actual size of the file. Endaddress: this will be localized to the block and will hold the last address of the memory location within the block, which is actually

Foundation Property Writing Task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foundation Property Writing Task - Essay Example As a particular constructive trust would relate only to the specific property, the legal professionals also call it as a â€Å"proprietary† remedial method of solving the particular disputes†¦.(Duhaime , 2009) Trusts are frequently established in a will, which could be called as a trust instrument, where the settlor is referred to as a testator. Hence an express trust implies that the settler has expressed a wish to establish the will. However, there is no explicit intention on the part of the settlor to establish a constructive trust. The establishment of such trusts is the consequences of legal responses to the events that might have been encountered during any property transactions. Accordingly, the purpose of constructive trusts should revolve about its binding effect on the issues of law in developing the major issues like honoring commitments, disgorging gains and repairing losses. Hence, the rationale behind the constructive trusts should consider these three main themes, while discussing the obligations and rights under the property law. As no firm and agreed list of rules is available under the English law, which could govern the constructive trusts, their rationale and guidance comes from various court cases, where the concerned judges have suggested rules for the constructive trust, pertaining to specific case. Accordingly, five rules on constructive trusts are briefly summarized below: However, these and other rules that bind the foundation of constructive trusts being heterogeneous in nature, there have been a fair amount of confusion about the concepts of such trusts and the liabilities involved in referring to the same. Accordingly, the above rules remain debatable, when judged under different circumstances. For example, it may be a mild punishment for an honest trustee to surrender his term, after he has renewed the

Eastern Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Eastern Philosophy Essay Compare and contrast the Hindu doctrine of Atman-Brahman with the Buddhist notion of non-atman. What was the Buddha reacting against? Is Buddhism to be considered a religion or a philosophy? Hindus strongly believe that in an uncreated, eternal, infinite, transcendent, and all-embracing principle, which, comprising in itself being and non-being, is the sole reality, the ultimate cause and foundation, source, and goal of all existence. This sole magnanimous reality is called brahman. As the All, brahman causes the universe and all beings to emanate from its core and morphs itself into the universe, or assumes its guise. Brahman is in every matter in this world and is the â€Å"Self† (atman) of all living beings. Brahman plays crucial roles such as the creator, preserver, or transformer, and â€Å"reabsorber† of all matters. Yet it is Being in per se, without attributes and qualities, hence impersonal, it may also be conceived of as a personal high God, usually as Vishnu or Siva. This fundamental belief in and the essentially religious search for ultimate reality which implies â€Å"The One that is the all† have continued almost unaltered for more than 50 centuries and have been the central focus and core of Indias spiritual life (www. rystalinks. com/hindu). Siddhartha Gautama also called the Buddha, and Vardhamana called Mahavira â€Å"the great teacher of Jainism† . Several heterodox teachers who organized bands of ascetic followers. Every group mandated itself to follow a certain code of conduct. They received generous support from prominent families and merchants. The latter were growing in wealth and influence, and most of them were searching for alternative forms of religious activity that would give them a more significant role than did orthodox Brahmanism or that would be less expensive to support. Which, in a way, was considered an opposition to doctrines and teachings of Brahmanism. It is suffice to say that Buddhism has similarities with Brahmanism yet at odds with one another (www. crystalinks. com/hindu). Buddhism is considered as a religion for Buddhists yet a philosophy for some. It is a set of doctrines and teachings that is usually describe as a religion. Compared to other religions, other Buddhists allege that Buddhism is not a religion per se, which is a contradiction of their faith to their chosen religion. Other sects say that it is a mere philosophy that are bounded by the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the one who founded Buddhism. Buddhism is called Buddha Dharma and Dhamma as well, which is defined as the â€Å"Teachings of the Awakened One† in Pali and Sanskrit which are ancient Buddhist texts. This was the reaction of the Buddha during his spiritual quest: experimented with extreme asceticism, which at that time was seen as a powerful spiritual practice such as fasting, holding the breath, and exposure of the body to pain e found, however, that these ascetic practices brought no genuine spiritual benefits and in fact, being based on self-hatred, that they were counterproductive. After renouncing the principles of asceticism and concentrating instead upon meditaion and Anapanasati as well Gautama is believed to have discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way which is path of moderation that lies in between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification. It lead s to the Four Noble Truths and eventually to the Eight Fold Path which will constitute the attainment of Nirvana. Discuss the Buddist teachings on the nature of the Middle Way as a strictly moral doctrine. What constitutes the path of virtue. What are the Four Noble Truths and how does one obtain Nirvana through the cessation of desire? The main principle of Buddhist doctrine is the called the Middle Way which was discovered by the Buddha prior to his bodhi or enlightenment. The Middle Way or Middle Path has a handful of definitions. Usually it is charaterized by the practice of non-extremism and a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and opposing self-mortification. It is considered in taking a middle ground between specific metaphysical perspectives as well. Which things ultimately either exist or do not exist. An explanation of the state of Nirvana and ultimate enlightenment where all dualities amalgamate and cease to exist as separate entities. The essence of the Middle way as a strictly moral doctrine is bounded by the path of virtue which is called as the Eight Fold Path as well. Buddhist doctrine, stated by the Buddha in his first sermon near Benares, India. The path is regarded as the way for individuals to deal with the problems named in the Four Noble Truths The path consists of right understanding (faith in the Buddhist view of existence), right thought (the resolve to practice the faith), right speech (avoidance of falsehoods, slander, and abuse), right action (abstention from taking life, stealing, and improper sexual behavior), right livelihood (rejection of occupations not in keeping with Buddhist principles), right effort (development of good mental states), right mindfulness (awareness of body, feelings, and thought), and right concentration (meditation). It is also called the Middle Path, because it steers a course between sensuality and asceticism. Following the Path leads to escape from suffering and attainment of Nirvana (Britannica. com). The Path of Virtue if imminet will lead to the emergence of the Eight Fold Path after the cessation of the Four Noble Truths, which after it culminates will eventually lead to the attainment of Nirvana The Buddhist doctrine of the Middle way guides this conviction and belief by an apt understanding of The Eight Fold Path as a means of attaining the state of Nirvana. Furthermore, The doctrines are essential and crucial in order for a being to not only understand the very essence of Nirvana but what culminates after the attainment of such state as well. The Buddhist Doctrine implored by the Buddha in his initial teachings are significant towards the road to Nirvana. The four noble truths constitute a means of attaining nirvana which is not plausible for some. Dukkha or the nature of suffering is actually the noble truth of suffering that implies that birth is suffering per se and other physiological notions are suffering as well. An amalgamation from what is displeasing is suffering, thus separation from what it pleasing is suffering and not to achieve what one desires is suffering. A sufferings origin or Samudaya is the noble realization of the origin of suffering. This yearning leads to a renewed existence that will be accompanied by delight and lust which leads to the craving of sensual pleasure then craving for existence and eventually, the craving for destruction. Cessation of suffering or Nirodha is the noble truth for the abrupt cessation of suffering. It is regardless of the cessation of the similar crasving, te giving up, and finally the relinquishing of it, the freedom and not the non-reliance from it. The fourth noble truth is The Way or Magga which leads to the cessation of suffering. It is the noble truth of the way which leads to he cessation of suffering. The Eightfold Path namely: that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration as well. These are the four great truths of Buddhinsm. Dukkha implies that all existence is afflicted with suffering. Second, Samudaya identifies desire, thirst, or craving as the source of suffering, which intangibly binds beings to samsara or the cycle of existence. Nirodha asserts that cessation of craving will bring suffering to a halt. Finally, The Eightfold Path which culminates the four noble truths implies he omission of suffering and the escape from samsara. These Four Noble Truths are bounded to the idea of Nirvana in which one can attain a state of â€Å"finitude that will lead to absolute reality of positive and negative efforts that may lead to the attainment of Nirvana. Discuss the Buddist doctrine of non-atman (non-substantiality). How does it comprise the three Marks of Existence and what does it mean to say that all form is emptiness. Hint:`There is Nirvana but no-one attains it. In order to achieve Nirvana, one must endure the three marks of existence namely: Dukkha, Anicca, and Anatta. These three are bounded by the Buddhist notion that after meditation they will conclude all the physical and mundane matters. Dukkha, for its part, is striving for what a person desires while enduring suffering and torment yet after an ordeal you might find happiness in achieving what one desires. Eventually, boredom which is a form of suffering will divert a person from such boredom by indulging in a pursuit of new forms of pleasure. Boredom is a result of a ramification of our interest in a matter which a person desires which captivated us at first. Anicca is the inconstant and impermanent per se. Each person can undergo by the use of our senses which is dependent on the right conditions for its existence. Everything is constantly changing and is always in sporadic influx. Matters are constantly coming into being as well as ceasing to be. The crucial point is that a phenomena may arise and cease due to complex states and conditions that do not occur within our whims. Though we have a finite ability to generate a change to our possessions, previous experience tells us that our feeble attempts have no guarantees that the outcome of the efforts will also be according to our â€Å"liking†. Lastly, Annata is the unceasing change of permanent essence which is conceived through the virtue of existence. A human beings personality is an orthodox appelation applied to the consortium of physical and mental components which each is mandated to a constant influx yet there is not central essence or core which is similar to a â€Å"bundle theory† of mind and soul. Nirvana is the finite state of the Mahayana ideology. It the state in which the attempt to grasp reality is halted in a holistic way, by means of the realization of its impossibility. Evidently, it is and preposterous and absurd to presume that nirvana per se as a state to be achieved. Nirvana is not the state of coming to terms with reality due to the fact that such state cannot generate either a positive or negative aura. In its negative nature, Nirvana is said to be as â€Å"no waves† and â€Å"blowing out†, implying that achieving such state would mean tranquility of ones existence. Yet these statements offer minimal attributes of nirvana. Nirvana as â€Å"finite† is an anti-thesis to positive attributes and words such as eternal and omnipresent though its positive comprehension is bound by intellect. Buddha, for his part, will never answer question in a postive manner regarding the notions of nirvana. Considering it is not out of sheer prudence but practicality as well. Coming into terms with â€Å"finitude† eventually concludes nirvana that is an absolute reality. By directing awareness away from finitude and towards the intuitive core of the brain, an individual consciously grips reality. The negative part of the effort are not sufficient enough to realize Nirvana. Nirvana is not present and will not be realized by grasping finitude yet the Buddha suggested that it is possible and effortless to achieve Nirvana by the means of directing awareness and channeling its energy internally through positive efforts. There is a deliberate mistake in which the belief of the right motivation culminates the achievement of nirvana, in which samsara or finitude is part of nirvana which s infinitude and coming into terms with samsara will embody achieving nirvana in an apt manner. The notion of renouncing Nirvana is a deliberate and evident contradiction because it obviously contradicts it very purpose. Such misguided attribute is a sheer reflection of the Buddhist meditation practice of sitting without being occupied by preconceived notions. Renouncing nirvana with the apparent purpose of eventually realizing nirvana is a deliberate contradiction.